AText Typing Accelerator. AText accelerates your typing in any application by replacing abbreviations with frequently used phrases you define. Save your priceless time, stop typing the same thing over and over. Also known as text template, text shortcut, text expansion tool. aText 在 Mac App Store上售价30元 aText for Mac 2.24 介绍. AText Mac版是一款Mac OS平台的输入增强工具,你可以通过aText保存你的一些常用的逻辑语句,在你需要使用到的时候通过快捷方式很方便的调用出来,对于编辑和书面工作有很大的帮助。.
From ad hoc collaborations and interactive reminders to point of action surveys and massive alerts the aText™ communications system creates a 24/7 open line of communications between your organization and the people that matter. Inside of the aText™ Private Text Network you get to define the rules of each interaction and more importantly.
ATEX zones for dusts
Dust clouds in the explosive region (above the minimum explosible concentration) are categorised into 3 zones, based upon the grade of release (as per EN60079-10-2:2009):Zone 20
Continuous release inside a dust containment enclosure gives rise to Zone 20 - a place in which an explosive atmosphere, in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air, is present continuously, or for long periods or frequently for short periods. For example, a mill or pneumatic conveying system.Zone 21
Primary grade of release gives rise to Zone 21 - a place in which an explosive atmosphere, in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air, is likely to occur occasionally in normal operation. For example, bagging points and inspection ports that are frequently opened.Zone 22
Secondary grade of release gives rise to Zone 22 - a place in which an explosive atmosphere, in the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air, is not likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period only. For example, leaks from incorrectly fitted lids or spillages.Housekeeping
In many plants designed for the handling and processing of flammable materials, dust may escape from equipment and settle on the floor and on fixtures and fittings in the workroom. In the settled state the dust is not explosive but any unusual shock may displace some of it and disperse it in the form of a dust cloud. This shock is often caused by a relatively mild primary explosion inside the plant, the flame from which serves as a means of ignition for the dust cloud formed in the workroom. This secondary explosion disperses more of the dust accumulated in the workroom and ignites these clouds until the whole building is swept by the explosions. Accumulation of dust in workrooms is the cause of major explosions and its elimination is vital. The following precautions should be observed:(1)The dust must be prevented from escaping from the plant, which should be designed and constructed with this end in view. All joints should be flanged and packed. All inspection doors, slide valves etc., should be dust tight.(2)Where practicable, the plant should be operated under a slight negative pressure to reduce the egress of dust.(3)At charging and bagging-off points complete enclosure of the plant is not always practicable. To prevent dust from entering the workroom these points should be enclosed as far as possible by means of a hood or cabinet. The access openings should be reduced to a minimum. Local exhaust ventilation should be provided to control the dust cloud within the cabinet.(4)The handling of sacks containing dusty material is a common cause of dust in workrooms. Sack storage should be avoided in rooms in which milling and similar processes are carried out. Such storage should be in a separate warehouse from which all plant in which a primary explosion could occur is excluded.(5)In spite of all precautions some dust will always escape from the plant. It must be prevented from accumulating in workrooms by the regular and frequent cleaning of all parts of the room and plant on which it may settle. Careful design and construction of workrooms facilitates this cleaning. All horizontal surfaces on which dust can collect should be avoided. Window sills, door frames and projecting fittings should be made flush with the wall. Other horizontal surfaces like girders, beams and ledges should be bevelled to prevent settlement. Walls should be made smooth and corners should be rounded. Vacuum cleaning is recommended for dust removal. In small factories portable vacuum cleaners may be used provided the electrical equipment is safe for use when exposed to flammable dusts. A static vacuum pump fitted to a ring main is more suitable for large factories; the ring main should be provided at intervals with facilities for the connection of flexible cleaning hoses. Soft brooms may be used provided care is taken to avoid the generation of dust clouds. The use of compressed air for cleaning is not recommended.Hazardous Area Zoning
Hazardous area zoning of dust handling plant is required to comply with article 7 of the ATEX workplace directive. The first step is to ascertain whether the dust is explosible (Group A) or non-explosible (Group B). This is done either by reference to explosion data or through dust explosion testing. Once flammability is established, zoning is determined following the grade of release: continuous grade of dust release is zone 20; primary grade of dust release is zone 21; secondary grade of dust release is zone 22. In certain circumstances, the zoning may be modified to accommodate dust cloud concentrations known to exist inside plant equipment. For example, screw conveyors do not promote the formation of dust clouds internally and this fact may be reflected in a reduction of the zone designation from zone 20 to zone 22. Note that screw conveyors have the ability to transfer an explosion through the mechanism of disturbing internally settled dust - hence zone 22, not non-hazardous. Such modification to hazardous area zoning should only be undertaken by a competent person.Explanations for product markings found on ATEX approved equipment.ATEX is the regulatory directive for the design, installation and use of products in environments where there is a potential explosion risk from flammable gases or dust that are or could be present in the surrounding air.
For more in-depth information on the ATEX directive we suggest you visit the UK Health and Safety Executive or the European Union Commission. To get a product ATEX approved we suggest contacting SGS Baseefa or SIRA in the UK.
Product Label Markings
Please click on an example marking below to be guided to the related glossary item:
- ATEX Coding (e.g. ExII1G)
- Gas (e.g. ExiaIICT4Ga)
- Dust (e.g. ExtaIIICT135°C[250]85°CDaIP65)
- Ambient Temp (e.g. Tamb -20°C to +60°C)
- Cert No. (e.g. TUV03ATEX2006X)
- Notified Body (e.g. 0044)
- Yr / Serial No. (e.g. 2010 SN: 888888)
- Electrical (e.g. Output: 4-20mA Excitation: 14-28Vdc, Vs+: pin 1 Vs-: pin 2 GND: E)
- Entity Ratings (e.g. Ui: 28Vdc Li: 93mA Pi: 660mW)
- Manufacturer (e.g. XYZ Sensors, City, Postcode, Country)
- Product (e.g. Type: XYZ Pressure Transmitter)
ATEX certified products
Request info on atex certified products for your application.
Glossary
ATEX Coding
Defines the equipment group and category for flammable gas and/or dusty environments, i.e. Ex I M1, Ex I M2, Ex II 1 G, Ex II 1 D, Ex II 1 GD, Ex II 2 G, Ex II 2 D or Ex II 2 GD.
Certificate Number
A unique number issued with an ATEX certificate for a particular product or group of products. A certificate number is issued by a Notified Body such as SGS Baseefa (UK), SIRA (UK), TUV (Germany) or CESI (Italy) following the certification process.
Combustible Flyings
Material, fibres and flyings produced by machinery found in industries such as textile, cotton and wood cutting which settles around equipment and is vulnerable to ignition from heat or sparks.
Conductive Dust
Metal particles such as Aluminium or Titanium that are deposited on equipment as dust layers and form as dust clouds in the local atmosphere.
Dust Groups
Type of combustible dust present in the atmosphere:
- IIIA – Combustible Flyings
- IIIB – Non-Conductive Dust
- IIIC – Conductive Dust
Electrical Parameters
Specifies the type of input and output characteristics of the product, including configuration of pin or wiring connections.
Electrical Protection Concepts
Describes the type of protection which has been incorporated into the design:
- da – Flameproof: Gas zone 0
- db – Flameproof: Gas zone 1
- dc – Flameproof: Gas zone 2
- ta – Enclosure: Dust zone 20
- tb – Enclosure: Dust zone 21
- tc – Enclosure: Dust zone 22
- pxb – Pressurised: Gas zone 1
- pyb – Pressurised: Gas zone 1
- pzc – Pressurised: Gas zone 2
- p – Pressurised: Dust zone 21 or 22
- q – Powder Filled: Gas zone 1
- o – Oil Filled: Gas zone 1
- e – Increased Safety: Gas zone 1
- ia – Intrinsic Safety: Gas zone 0 or Dust zone 20
- ib – Intrinsic Safety: Gas zone 1 or Dust zone 21
- ic – Intrinsic Safety: Gas zone 2 or Dust zone 22
- nA – Non-Sparking: Gas zone 2
- nL – Energy Limited: Gas zone 2 (n.b. no longer specified on new approvals)
- nR – Restricted Breathing: Gas zone 2
- nC – Enclosed Break: Gas zone 2
- ma – Encapsulation: Gas zone 0 or Dust zone 20
- mb – Encapsulation: Gas zone 1 or Dust zone 21
- mc – Encapsulation: Gas zone 2 or Dust zone 22
ATEX certified products
Request info on atex certified products for your application.
Encapsulation (m)
The electrical components of a product are encapsulated with a material that isolates them from a surrounding explosive environment so that it cannot be ignited.
Enclosed Break (nC)
Electrical devices which include circuit breakers or switches are enclosed so that any explosion of flammable gas inside the enclosure is contained without damaging components or allowing it to pass outside into the surrounding flammable atmosphere.
Enclosure (t)
The product is placed inside a box which provides a dust free environment. The surface temperature of the box must not ignite the surrounding atmosphere.
Energy Limited (nL)
(n.b. no longer specified on new approvals)
Electrical circuits are designed to prevent sparks and temperatures exceeding limits which might ignite an explosive atmosphere.
Electrical circuits are designed to prevent sparks and temperatures exceeding limits which might ignite an explosive atmosphere.
Entity Rating
The maximum safety specific electrical values that must not be exceeded by equipment connected to the product:
- Ui – Voltage
- Ii– Current
- Pi – Power
- Li – Inductance
- Ci – Capacitance
Equipment Category
Indicates the level of safety protection a product must perform to:
- M1 – Mining: Energised
- M2 – Mining: De-energised
- 1 – Non-Mining: Very High Protection – Equipment must be safe during regular functioning, likely and infrequent failures, required for Gas zone 0 and/or Dust zone 20
- 2 – Non-Mining: High Protection – Equipment must be safe during regular functioning and likely failures, required for Gas zone 1 and/or Dust zone 21
- 3 – Non-Mining: Normal Protection – Equipment must be safe during regular functioning, required for Gas zone 2 and/or Dust zone 22
Equipment Group
Used to distinguish between applications in mines and other areas:
- I – Mining
- II – Non-Mining
Equipment Protection Level
Shows the level of explosion risk and type of atmosphere that a product has been approved for:
- Ga – Gas zone 0
- Gb – Gas zone 1
- Gc – Gas zone 2
- Da – Dust zone 20
- Db – Dust zone 21
- Dc – Dust zone 22
- Ma – Energised
- Mb – De-energised
Ex
Explosive atmosphere symbol for European Union countries
ATEX certified products
Request info on atex certified products for your application.
Flameproof (d)
The product incorporates mechanical features which are designed to contain an explosion and not allow any flame to escape.
Gas Groups
Type of flammable gas present in the atmosphere:
- I – Methane (mining only)
- IIA – Propane (less easily ignited)
- IIB – Propane
- IIC – Hydrogen (more easily ignited)
A Text 2 24 Hour
Increased Safety (e)
Equipment is designed and manufactured with components which prevent ignition sources being generated internally such as static discharges or high temperatures.
Ingress Protection
States how well the product will prevent dust and moisture entering the interior of the product case or enclosure:
Bwv 248/2 Text
- IP54 – Limited dust ingress protection, Protected against water spray from any direction
- IP55 – Limited dust ingress protection, Protected against low pressure water jets from any direction
- IP56 – Limited dust ingress protection, Protected against high pressure water jets from any direction
- IP57 – Limited dust ingress protection, Protected against temporary immersion between 15cm and 1m depth
- IP58 – Limited dust ingress protection, Protected against long term immersion to a specified depth
- IP64 – Total dust ingress protection, Protected against water spray from any direction
- IP65 – Total dust ingress protection, Protected against low pressure water jets from any direction
- IP66 – Total dust ingress protection, Protected against high pressure water jets from any direction
- IP67 – Total dust ingress protection, Protected against temporary immersion between 15cm and 1m depth
- IP68 – Total dust ingress protection, Protected against long term immersion to a specified depth
Intrinsic Safety (i)
Equipment will limit the amount of electrical energy entering a hazardous area to prevent electrical discharges and surface temperature limits from being exceeded.
Manufacturer Name and Address
The address details for the manufacturing company that was issued the ATEX certificate.
Non-Conductive Dust
Particles produced by agricultural and chemical industry such as cereal grains, flour, milk powder, pharmaceuticals, animal feed and coal that settle on equipment in layers and form clouds of dust in the air.
Non-Sparking (nA)
The equipment is designed to prevent any electrical discharges form igniting the surrounding hazardous atmosphere.
Notified Body Identification Number
A Notified Body is an organisation appointed by the applicable authority in the European member country to carry out ATEX consultation, assessment and certification of organisations and products. In the UK for example the authority would be the Health and Safety Executive. Each Notified Body is issued with a unique identification number by the EU member state authority.
Oil Filled (o)
The equipment is completely immersed in oil to prevent the transmission of any ignition source to a flammable gas external to the equipment.
Lumina Lektion 24 Text 2
ATEX certified products
Request info on atex certified products for your application.
Powder Filled (q)
The equipment is completely covered in a powder which will prevent the transmission of any potential source that might ignite an explosive gas atmosphere.
A Text 2 24 Esv
Pressurised (p)
The equipment is continously purged of flammable gases and flammable dust or gas is prevented from entering by supplying a non-flammable gas such as Air at a positive pressure.
Product Identification
A Text 2 24 Kjv
The part number and description issued by the manufacturer for the ATEX approved product. The product ID should also correlate with the one which appears on the ATEX certificate.
Restricted Breathing (nR)
Equipment is placed inside an enclosure which limits flammable gases entering to very low level.
Surface Temperature
The maximum safe temperature permitted on the surface of the product to prevent ignition of surrounding combustible dust.
Surface Temperature with Dust Layer
The maximum safe temperature allowed to prevent ignition of dust that has settled on the product. The thicker the dust layer the lower the required surface temperature due to its increased heat capacity. The thickness of dust is specified in millimetres (mm).
Serial Number
A unique number issued by the manufacturer to identify an individual product.
Tamb
The permittable range of surrounding ambient environment temperature to ensure the maximum allowable surface temperature for the product is not exceeded.
Temperature Class
Maximum surface temperature of product must not exceed this temperature:
- T1 – +450 degC
- T2 – +300 degC
- T3 – +200 degC
- T4 – +135 degC
- T5 – +100 degC
- T6 – +85 degC
Zones
Specifies the level of safety risk for restricted areas with explosive Gas (G) or Dust (D) atmospheres:
- Gas Zone 0 – Explosive atmosphere is present at all times, for extended periods or often.
- Gas Zone 1 – Explosive atmosphere is likely to be present during typical operation or occasionally.
- Gas Zone 2 – Explosive atmosphere maybe present during exceptional conditions for a short period of time.
- Dust Zone 20 – Explosive atmosphere is present all the time, for long period of time or often.
- Dust Zone 21 – Explosive atmosphere is likely to be present under normal operation or occasionally.
- Dust Zone 22 – Explosive atmosphere maybe present under exceptional conditions for a short period of time.
Year
The year in which the product that is marked was manufactured.
ATEX certified products
Request info on atex certified products for your application. Multimarkdown composer 4 pro 4 5 12.